Salzburg

Salzburg is a city that fits its setting so perfectly it seems designed as a single composition. The Altstadt — a UNESCO World Heritage site — fills the narrow space between the Salzach River and the Mönchsberg cliff, a Baroque jewel of churches, squares, and palaces crowned by the Hohensalzburg Fortress, one of Europe’s largest and best-preserved medieval castles.

Getreidegasse is the main shopping street, its wrought-iron guild signs hanging above the narrow lane. Mozart’s birthplace sits at number 9, now a museum filled with his childhood violin and early compositions. The Mirabell Gardens — with their geometrical perfection and mountain backdrop — were the Sound of Music’s most famous filming location, and the tour remains irresistible even to those who claim resistance. Beyond the city, the Salzkammergut lake district opens to the south — a landscape of emerald lakes, salt mines, and villages that make the case for Austria as Europe’s most beautiful country.

When to go: July and August for the Salzburg Festival, one of the world’s great classical music events. December for Advent markets. Spring for fewer crowds.